Data Table
Powerful table and datagrids built using TanStack Table.
Status | Amount | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
success | ken99@yahoo.com | $316.00 | ||
success | Abe45@gmail.com | $242.00 | ||
processing | Monserrat44@gmail.com | $837.00 | ||
success | Silas22@gmail.com | $874.00 | ||
failed | carmella@hotmail.com | $721.00 |
Introduction
Every data table or datagrid I've created has been unique. They all behave differently, have specific sorting and filtering requirements, and work with different data sources.
It doesn't make sense to combine all of these variations into a single component. If we do that, we'll lose the flexibility that headless UI provides.
So instead of a data-table component, I thought it would be more helpful to provide a guide on how to build your own.
We'll start with the basic <Table />
component and build a complex data table from scratch.
Tip: If you find yourself using the same table in multiple places in your app, you can always extract it into a reusable component.
Table of Contents
This guide will show you how to use TanStack Table and the <Table />
component to build your own custom data table. We'll cover the following topics:
Installation
- Add the
<Table />
component to your project:
pnpm dlx shadcn@latest add table
- Add
tanstack/react-table
dependency:
pnpm add @tanstack/react-table
Prerequisites
We are going to build a table to show recent payments. Here's what our data looks like:
type Payment = {
id: string
amount: number
status: "pending" | "processing" | "success" | "failed"
email: string
}
export const payments: Payment[] = [
{
id: "728ed52f",
amount: 100,
status: "pending",
email: "m@example.com",
},
{
id: "489e1d42",
amount: 125,
status: "processing",
email: "example@gmail.com",
},
// ...
]
Project Structure
Start by creating the following file structure:
app
└── payments
├── columns.tsx
├── data-table.tsx
└── page.tsx
I'm using a Next.js example here but this works for any other React framework.
columns.tsx
(client component) will contain our column definitions.data-table.tsx
(client component) will contain our<DataTable />
component.page.tsx
(server component) is where we'll fetch data and render our table.
Basic Table
Let's start by building a basic table.
Column Definitions
First, we'll define our columns.
"use client"
import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"
// This type is used to define the shape of our data.
// You can use a Zod schema here if you want.
export type Payment = {
id: string
amount: number
status: "pending" | "processing" | "success" | "failed"
email: string
}
export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
{
accessorKey: "status",
header: "Status",
},
{
accessorKey: "email",
header: "Email",
},
{
accessorKey: "amount",
header: "Amount",
},
]
Note: Columns are where you define the core of what your table will look like. They define the data that will be displayed, how it will be formatted, sorted and filtered.
<DataTable />
component
Next, we'll create a <DataTable />
component to render our table.
"use client"
import {
ColumnDef,
flexRender,
getCoreRowModel,
useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
import {
Table,
TableBody,
TableCell,
TableHead,
TableHeader,
TableRow,
} from "@/components/ui/table"
interface DataTableProps<TData, TValue> {
columns: ColumnDef<TData, TValue>[]
data: TData[]
}
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
})
return (
<div className="rounded-md border">
<Table>
<TableHeader>
{table.getHeaderGroups().map((headerGroup) => (
<TableRow key={headerGroup.id}>
{headerGroup.headers.map((header) => {
return (
<TableHead key={header.id}>
{header.isPlaceholder
? null
: flexRender(
header.column.columnDef.header,
header.getContext()
)}
</TableHead>
)
})}
</TableRow>
))}
</TableHeader>
<TableBody>
{table.getRowModel().rows?.length ? (
table.getRowModel().rows.map((row) => (
<TableRow
key={row.id}
data-state={row.getIsSelected() && "selected"}
>
{row.getVisibleCells().map((cell) => (
<TableCell key={cell.id}>
{flexRender(cell.column.columnDef.cell, cell.getContext())}
</TableCell>
))}
</TableRow>
))
) : (
<TableRow>
<TableCell colSpan={columns.length} className="h-24 text-center">
No results.
</TableCell>
</TableRow>
)}
</TableBody>
</Table>
</div>
)
}
Tip: If you find yourself using <DataTable />
in multiple places, this is the component you could make reusable by extracting it to components/ui/data-table.tsx
.
<DataTable columns={columns} data={data} />
Render the table
Finally, we'll render our table in our page component.
import { Payment, columns } from "./columns"
import { DataTable } from "./data-table"
async function getData(): Promise<Payment[]> {
// Fetch data from your API here.
return [
{
id: "728ed52f",
amount: 100,
status: "pending",
email: "m@example.com",
},
// ...
]
}
export default async function DemoPage() {
const data = await getData()
return (
<div className="container mx-auto py-10">
<DataTable columns={columns} data={data} />
</div>
)
}
Cell Formatting
Let's format the amount cell to display the dollar amount. We'll also align the cell to the right.
Update columns definition
Update the header
and cell
definitions for amount as follows:
export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
{
accessorKey: "amount",
header: () => <div className="text-right">Amount</div>,
cell: ({ row }) => {
const amount = parseFloat(row.getValue("amount"))
const formatted = new Intl.NumberFormat("en-US", {
style: "currency",
currency: "USD",
}).format(amount)
return <div className="text-right font-medium">{formatted}</div>
},
},
]
You can use the same approach to format other cells and headers.
Row Actions
Let's add row actions to our table. We'll use a <Dropdown />
component for this.
Update columns definition
Update our columns definition to add a new actions
column. The actions
cell returns a <Dropdown />
component.
"use client"
import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { MoreHorizontal } from "lucide-react"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import {
DropdownMenu,
DropdownMenuContent,
DropdownMenuItem,
DropdownMenuLabel,
DropdownMenuSeparator,
DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"
export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
// ...
{
id: "actions",
cell: ({ row }) => {
const payment = row.original
return (
<DropdownMenu>
<DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
<Button variant="ghost" className="h-8 w-8 p-0">
<span className="sr-only">Open menu</span>
<MoreHorizontal className="h-4 w-4" />
</Button>
</DropdownMenuTrigger>
<DropdownMenuContent align="end">
<DropdownMenuLabel>Actions</DropdownMenuLabel>
<DropdownMenuItem
onClick={() => navigator.clipboard.writeText(payment.id)}
>
Copy payment ID
</DropdownMenuItem>
<DropdownMenuSeparator />
<DropdownMenuItem>View customer</DropdownMenuItem>
<DropdownMenuItem>View payment details</DropdownMenuItem>
</DropdownMenuContent>
</DropdownMenu>
)
},
},
// ...
]
You can access the row data using row.original
in the cell
function. Use this to handle actions for your row eg. use the id
to make a DELETE call to your API.
Pagination
Next, we'll add pagination to our table.
Update <DataTable>
import {
ColumnDef,
flexRender,
getCoreRowModel,
getPaginationRowModel,
useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
})
// ...
}
This will automatically paginate your rows into pages of 10. See the pagination docs for more information on customizing page size and implementing manual pagination.
Add pagination controls
We can add pagination controls to our table using the <Button />
component and the table.previousPage()
, table.nextPage()
API methods.
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
})
return (
<div>
<div className="rounded-md border">
<Table>
{ // .... }
</Table>
</div>
<div className="flex items-center justify-end space-x-2 py-4">
<Button
variant="outline"
size="sm"
onClick={() => table.previousPage()}
disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
>
Previous
</Button>
<Button
variant="outline"
size="sm"
onClick={() => table.nextPage()}
disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
>
Next
</Button>
</div>
</div>
)
}
See Reusable Components section for a more advanced pagination component.
Sorting
Let's make the email column sortable.
Update <DataTable>
"use client"
import * as React from "react"
import {
ColumnDef,
SortingState,
flexRender,
getCoreRowModel,
getPaginationRowModel,
getSortedRowModel,
useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
onSortingChange: setSorting,
getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
state: {
sorting,
},
})
return (
<div>
<div className="rounded-md border">
<Table>{ ... }</Table>
</div>
</div>
)
}
Make header cell sortable
We can now update the email
header cell to add sorting controls.
"use client"
import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { ArrowUpDown } from "lucide-react"
export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
{
accessorKey: "email",
header: ({ column }) => {
return (
<Button
variant="ghost"
onClick={() => column.toggleSorting(column.getIsSorted() === "asc")}
>
Email
<ArrowUpDown className="ml-2 h-4 w-4" />
</Button>
)
},
},
]
This will automatically sort the table (asc and desc) when the user toggles on the header cell.
Filtering
Let's add a search input to filter emails in our table.
Update <DataTable>
"use client"
import * as React from "react"
import {
ColumnDef,
ColumnFiltersState,
SortingState,
flexRender,
getCoreRowModel,
getFilteredRowModel,
getPaginationRowModel,
getSortedRowModel,
useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input"
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
[]
)
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
onSortingChange: setSorting,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
state: {
sorting,
columnFilters,
},
})
return (
<div>
<div className="flex items-center py-4">
<Input
placeholder="Filter emails..."
value={(table.getColumn("email")?.getFilterValue() as string) ?? ""}
onChange={(event) =>
table.getColumn("email")?.setFilterValue(event.target.value)
}
className="max-w-sm"
/>
</div>
<div className="rounded-md border">
<Table>{ ... }</Table>
</div>
</div>
)
}
Filtering is now enabled for the email
column. You can add filters to other columns as well. See the filtering docs for more information on customizing filters.
Visibility
Adding column visibility is fairly simple using @tanstack/react-table
visibility API.
Update <DataTable>
"use client"
import * as React from "react"
import {
ColumnDef,
ColumnFiltersState,
SortingState,
VisibilityState,
flexRender,
getCoreRowModel,
getFilteredRowModel,
getPaginationRowModel,
getSortedRowModel,
useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import {
DropdownMenu,
DropdownMenuCheckboxItem,
DropdownMenuContent,
DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
[]
)
const [columnVisibility, setColumnVisibility] =
React.useState<VisibilityState>({})
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
onSortingChange: setSorting,
onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
onColumnVisibilityChange: setColumnVisibility,
state: {
sorting,
columnFilters,
columnVisibility,
},
})
return (
<div>
<div className="flex items-center py-4">
<Input
placeholder="Filter emails..."
value={table.getColumn("email")?.getFilterValue() as string}
onChange={(event) =>
table.getColumn("email")?.setFilterValue(event.target.value)
}
className="max-w-sm"
/>
<DropdownMenu>
<DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
<Button variant="outline" className="ml-auto">
Columns
</Button>
</DropdownMenuTrigger>
<DropdownMenuContent align="end">
{table
.getAllColumns()
.filter(
(column) => column.getCanHide()
)
.map((column) => {
return (
<DropdownMenuCheckboxItem
key={column.id}
className="capitalize"
checked={column.getIsVisible()}
onCheckedChange={(value) =>
column.toggleVisibility(!!value)
}
>
{column.id}
</DropdownMenuCheckboxItem>
)
})}
</DropdownMenuContent>
</DropdownMenu>
</div>
<div className="rounded-md border">
<Table>{ ... }</Table>
</div>
</div>
)
}
This adds a dropdown menu that you can use to toggle column visibility.
Row Selection
Next, we're going to add row selection to our table.
Update column definitions
"use client"
import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge"
import { Checkbox } from "@/components/ui/checkbox"
export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
{
id: "select",
header: ({ table }) => (
<Checkbox
checked={
table.getIsAllPageRowsSelected() ||
(table.getIsSomePageRowsSelected() && "indeterminate")
}
onCheckedChange={(value) => table.toggleAllPageRowsSelected(!!value)}
aria-label="Select all"
/>
),
cell: ({ row }) => (
<Checkbox
checked={row.getIsSelected()}
onCheckedChange={(value) => row.toggleSelected(!!value)}
aria-label="Select row"
/>
),
enableSorting: false,
enableHiding: false,
},
]
Update <DataTable>
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
columns,
data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
[]
)
const [columnVisibility, setColumnVisibility] =
React.useState<VisibilityState>({})
const [rowSelection, setRowSelection] = React.useState({})
const table = useReactTable({
data,
columns,
onSortingChange: setSorting,
onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
onColumnVisibilityChange: setColumnVisibility,
onRowSelectionChange: setRowSelection,
state: {
sorting,
columnFilters,
columnVisibility,
rowSelection,
},
})
return (
<div>
<div className="rounded-md border">
<Table />
</div>
</div>
)
}
This adds a checkbox to each row and a checkbox in the header to select all rows.
Show selected rows
You can show the number of selected rows using the table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel()
API.
<div className="flex-1 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
{table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel().rows.length} of{" "}
{table.getFilteredRowModel().rows.length} row(s) selected.
</div>
Reusable Components
Here are some components you can use to build your data tables. This is from the Tasks demo.
Column header
Make any column header sortable and hideable.
import { Column } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { ArrowDown, ArrowUp, ChevronsUpDown, EyeOff } from "lucide-react"
import { cn } from "@/lib/utils"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import {
DropdownMenu,
DropdownMenuContent,
DropdownMenuItem,
DropdownMenuSeparator,
DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"
interface DataTableColumnHeaderProps<TData, TValue>
extends React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement> {
column: Column<TData, TValue>
title: string
}
export function DataTableColumnHeader<TData, TValue>({
column,
title,
className,
}: DataTableColumnHeaderProps<TData, TValue>) {
if (!column.getCanSort()) {
return <div className={cn(className)}>{title}</div>
}
return (
<div className={cn("flex items-center space-x-2", className)}>
<DropdownMenu>
<DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
<Button
variant="ghost"
size="sm"
className="-ml-3 h-8 data-[state=open]:bg-accent"
>
<span>{title}</span>
{column.getIsSorted() === "desc" ? (
<ArrowDown />
) : column.getIsSorted() === "asc" ? (
<ArrowUp />
) : (
<ChevronsUpDown />
)}
</Button>
</DropdownMenuTrigger>
<DropdownMenuContent align="start">
<DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => column.toggleSorting(false)}>
<ArrowUp className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground/70" />
Asc
</DropdownMenuItem>
<DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => column.toggleSorting(true)}>
<ArrowDown className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground/70" />
Desc
</DropdownMenuItem>
<DropdownMenuSeparator />
<DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => column.toggleVisibility(false)}>
<EyeOff className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-muted-foreground/70" />
Hide
</DropdownMenuItem>
</DropdownMenuContent>
</DropdownMenu>
</div>
)
}
export const columns = [
{
accessorKey: "email",
header: ({ column }) => (
<DataTableColumnHeader column={column} title="Email" />
),
},
]
Pagination
Add pagination controls to your table including page size and selection count.
import { Table } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import {
ChevronLeft,
ChevronRight,
ChevronsLeft,
ChevronsRight,
} from "lucide-react"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import {
Select,
SelectContent,
SelectItem,
SelectTrigger,
SelectValue,
} from "@/components/ui/select"
interface DataTablePaginationProps<TData> {
table: Table<TData>
}
export function DataTablePagination<TData>({
table,
}: DataTablePaginationProps<TData>) {
return (
<div className="flex items-center justify-between px-2">
<div className="flex-1 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
{table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel().rows.length} of{" "}
{table.getFilteredRowModel().rows.length} row(s) selected.
</div>
<div className="flex items-center space-x-6 lg:space-x-8">
<div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
<p className="text-sm font-medium">Rows per page</p>
<Select
value={`${table.getState().pagination.pageSize}`}
onValueChange={(value) => {
table.setPageSize(Number(value))
}}
>
<SelectTrigger className="h-8 w-[70px]">
<SelectValue placeholder={table.getState().pagination.pageSize} />
</SelectTrigger>
<SelectContent side="top">
{[10, 20, 30, 40, 50].map((pageSize) => (
<SelectItem key={pageSize} value={`${pageSize}`}>
{pageSize}
</SelectItem>
))}
</SelectContent>
</Select>
</div>
<div className="flex w-[100px] items-center justify-center text-sm font-medium">
Page {table.getState().pagination.pageIndex + 1} of{" "}
{table.getPageCount()}
</div>
<div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
<Button
variant="outline"
className="hidden h-8 w-8 p-0 lg:flex"
onClick={() => table.setPageIndex(0)}
disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
>
<span className="sr-only">Go to first page</span>
<ChevronsLeft />
</Button>
<Button
variant="outline"
className="h-8 w-8 p-0"
onClick={() => table.previousPage()}
disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
>
<span className="sr-only">Go to previous page</span>
<ChevronLeft />
</Button>
<Button
variant="outline"
className="h-8 w-8 p-0"
onClick={() => table.nextPage()}
disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
>
<span className="sr-only">Go to next page</span>
<ChevronRight />
</Button>
<Button
variant="outline"
className="hidden h-8 w-8 p-0 lg:flex"
onClick={() => table.setPageIndex(table.getPageCount() - 1)}
disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
>
<span className="sr-only">Go to last page</span>
<ChevronsRight />
</Button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
)
}
<DataTablePagination table={table} />
Column toggle
A component to toggle column visibility.
"use client"
import { DropdownMenuTrigger } from "@radix-ui/react-dropdown-menu"
import { Table } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { Settings2 } from "lucide-react"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import {
DropdownMenu,
DropdownMenuCheckboxItem,
DropdownMenuContent,
DropdownMenuLabel,
DropdownMenuSeparator,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"
interface DataTableViewOptionsProps<TData> {
table: Table<TData>
}
export function DataTableViewOptions<TData>({
table,
}: DataTableViewOptionsProps<TData>) {
return (
<DropdownMenu>
<DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
<Button
variant="outline"
size="sm"
className="ml-auto hidden h-8 lg:flex"
>
<Settings2 />
View
</Button>
</DropdownMenuTrigger>
<DropdownMenuContent align="end" className="w-[150px]">
<DropdownMenuLabel>Toggle columns</DropdownMenuLabel>
<DropdownMenuSeparator />
{table
.getAllColumns()
.filter(
(column) =>
typeof column.accessorFn !== "undefined" && column.getCanHide()
)
.map((column) => {
return (
<DropdownMenuCheckboxItem
key={column.id}
className="capitalize"
checked={column.getIsVisible()}
onCheckedChange={(value) => column.toggleVisibility(!!value)}
>
{column.id}
</DropdownMenuCheckboxItem>
)
})}
</DropdownMenuContent>
</DropdownMenu>
)
}
<DataTableViewOptions table={table} />